If you can no longer work due to a medical condition expected to last at least 12 months or result in death, you may qualify for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI). Applying early gives you a better chance to receive timely support. Here’s a complete step-by-step guide on how to apply, what you’ll need, and what to expect.
When to Apply
You should apply for SSDI as soon as you become disabled.
Social Security imposes a five-month waiting period for SSDI benefits. This means you won’t receive payments until the sixth full month after your disability begins. The waiting period starts the first full month after the SSA decides your disability began.
There’s no waiting period if your disability is due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and your SSDI claim is approved on or after July 23, 2020.
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For those applying for Supplemental Security Income (SSI), payments begin the first full month after your claim date or after you become eligible — whichever is later.
How to Apply for SSDI
You can apply in three ways:
- Online – The fastest and easiest way to start your application.
- By phone – Call 1-800-772-1213 between 8:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. (TTY users: 1-800-325-0778).
- In person – Schedule an appointment and visit your local Social Security office.
If you are unable to complete the process online, an SSA representative can help schedule an appointment for you.
The SSA now accepts electronic signatures through trusted providers like Adobe or DocuSign for disability benefit applications.
Who Can Apply Online
You can apply for SSDI online if you:
- Are 18 years or older
- Are not currently receiving benefits on your own record
- Cannot work due to a medical condition that will last at least 12 months or result in death
- Have not been denied disability benefits in the last 60 days
If your claim was recently denied for medical reasons, you can appeal the decision online using the SSA’s Internet Appeal portal.
What You’ll Need Before You Apply
Before starting your application, review the Adult Disability Checklist on the SSA website. It will help you gather all the necessary details.
Personal Information
- Your date and place of birth
- Social Security number
- Name, date of birth, and SSN of your current or former spouse(s)
- Names and birthdates of minor children
- Bank account details (Routing and Account number) for direct deposit
Medical Information
- Name, address, and phone number of a contact person who knows your condition
- Details of all your medical conditions
- Names, addresses, phone numbers, and patient IDs of doctors, hospitals, and clinics
- A list of medications and prescribing doctors
- Dates and results of any medical tests
Work Information
- Income earned last year and this year
- Employer details for both years
- A copy of your Social Security Statement
- Details of military service (if any, before 1968)
- List of up to five jobs held in the last five years before becoming disabled
- Information about any workers’ compensation or similar benefits
Required Documents
You may be asked to submit:
- Birth certificate or other proof of birth
- Proof of U.S. citizenship or legal residency
- Military discharge papers (if applicable)
- W-2 forms or self-employment tax returns for the previous year
- Medical records, doctor’s reports, or test results
- Proof of any workers’ compensation or similar payments
You can send photocopies of tax or medical records, but original documents are required for proof of identity or citizenship. SSA will return your originals once verified.
If you prefer not to mail sensitive documents, bring them to your local SSA office. Do not mail original DHS or immigration papers.
Advantages of Applying Online
Applying online for SSDI is convenient and secure. You can:
- Start immediately without waiting for an appointment
- Apply from home or any location with internet access
- Save and return to your application anytime before submission
- Avoid travel to an SSA office
- Complete the process even if you live outside the U.S.
What Happens After You Apply
Once your application is submitted, SSA will:
- Send confirmation (by mail or online)
- Review your information
- Contact you if more documents are needed
- Inform you if family members qualify for benefits under your record
- Process and mail your decision
Other Ways to Apply
If online submission isn’t an option:
- Call 1-800-772-1213 (TTY 1-800-325-0778)
- Visit your local SSA office (appointment recommended)
- If you live outside the U.S., contact your nearest Federal Benefits Unit for guidance
Applying for Social Security Disability (SSDI) can feel overwhelming, but being prepared makes the process smoother. Gather your medical, work, and identification documents, apply as soon as possible, and track your application closely.
Starting early helps you avoid delays and ensures you receive the support you deserve.